Fill a medium-sized pot 1/4 of the way full with water and bring it to a boil, over high heat, on the stovetop.
In a heat-safe mixing bowl (that will fit on the pot), add butter (cut into chunks) and chocolate chips.
Then once water is boiling, reduce heat to low-medium. Place bowl on top of pot, ensuring the bottom does not touch the water. Stir occasionally until chocolate and butter are melted and well combined.
Carefully remove bowl with hot pads (it will be hot!) and place it on a wire cooling rack or a trivet.
While chocolate mixture cools slightly (just a couple of minutes), preheat oven to 350 degrees Fahrenheit and line an 8 or 9-inch round stainless steel cake pan with parchment paper. Trim excess around the edges (or grease it with butter and flour). Set aside.
In the bowl of melted chocolate and butter, add pumpkin puree, cinnamon, nutmeg, cane sugar, egg, vanilla, sourdough discard, cocoa powder, flour, and sea salt. Whisk until completely combined. Set aside.
OPTIONAL: If you’d like to cold ferment the batter for more sourdough fermentation benefits, pause the recipe and let the bowl sit in the fridge, covered, for 12-24 hours before continuing.
Add extra 1/4 cup chocolate chips (if desired) to the bowl. Stir to evenly distribute.
Pour batter into prepared pan and spread it out into an even layer.
OPTIONAL: Fill a ziplock bag with extra pumpkin puree and snip a tiny end off of one corner of the baggie. Use this to pipe tiny pumpkin dots around the top for a cute design. Don't make them too large.
Bake at 350 degrees Fahrenheit for 30 minutes or until a toothpick inserted into the center of the pan comes out clean. Bake a couple minutes less for more fudgy brownies.
Cool for at least 5 minutes before slicing. If baked less, let them cool longer to setup. Enjoy!